AT patients should adhere to specific guidelines in order to reduce radiation exposure. As their cells are highly sensitive to radiation, they should avoid exposure to ionizing. Radiotherapy or radiomimetic chemotherapy agents should be avoided. In addition, they should not be treated aggressively, and should not undergo a heightened surveillance in comparison to the general population.
Variations on at in Indonesian
Common Indonesian words include variations of at. Indonesian language has a similar word ordering to English and most other modern European languages. This allows for greater flexibility. Languages like Japanese and Korean, however, end clauses with verbs. In addition, Indonesian does not use grammatical case or gender.
The word at in Indonesian can be used to denote one's age. It also contains a definite (a) which makes it a noun. It can be used to denote many gendered stances such as solidarity, epistemic authority and playfulness. This article also discusses the use and construction of heterogeneous selves among young Indonesian speaker.
Five vowels are found in Indonesian. They are distinguished using diacritic. The mid-front vowel /e' is pronounced differently than the mid-central vowel /a'. The final syllable in Indonesian is stressed. However, the glottal stop can be represented by an apostrophe.
The ATM gene regulates cell growth after DNA damage
ATM genes play a key role in DNA damage responses and maintaining genomic integrity. It also regulates mitophagy and autophagy. These are processes that maintain cell homeostasis when cells are subject to ROS and starvation.
The ATM protein has multiple domains, including a serine/threonine kinase (STK) domain that is essential for full activation. It also has multiple sites for autophosphorylation, which may affect its function. The N-terminus has a Nuclear Localization Signal. This signal allows for nuclear translocation. The putative leucine zip motif in the Nterminus is also important for dimerization. The C-terminus contains autophosphorylation sites, and is necessary for substrate binding.
Once activated, the ATM gene recruits numerous signalling and DNA repair proteins. One-stranded DNA molecules bind to DNA and signal replication stress when the cell is damaged by DNA. This triggers activation of the ATMkinase (p300/CBP) coactivators, as well as p53 polyubiquitination. This process delays the entry of the cell into S-phase and prevents unrepaired DNA mutations from passing to daughter cells.
ATM causes leukemia and lymphoma
ATM causes lymphomia and leukemia has been studied. It was found that the ATM gene is responsible for these diseases. AT patients have frequent mutations in the ATM gene. The mutations are located in the 11q23 region. According to the researchers, three to six percent of AT patients have 11q23 mutations. These translocations usually involve MLL gene. ATM mutations are also found in sporadic lymphomas, which indicate that the ATM gene may play a role in the development of lymphomas.
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by an increased risk of cancer. Nearly ten per cent of patients with ATM mutations experience lymphoid malignancies. They are mainly B/T-cell cancer.